How to safely ride :: essays research papers

The most effective method to Safely Ride A Dirt Motorcycle 1     Racing, slope climbing, bouncing, and performing risky stunts on an earth bicycle seems like fun, anyway it can get  â â â â very hazardous. A. I will advise you how to be a sheltered soil biker. B. I have involvement with this field from managing numerous perspectives on this game, negative and positive. I have  â â â â realized that wellbeing is the most significant factor. C.When soil bicycle riding, it is imperative to be in contact with your own apparatus, acquainted with bicycle trails, and  â â â â biking practices. 2.     Being accurately fit in your own rigging is the main significant factor of earth bicycle riding.      A. The cap and goggles ensure your eyes and head. Boots,shin watches, gloves, pants, pullover, knee cushions,  â â â â elbow cushions, chest defender, and the kidney belt should all be put on to shield you from unforeseen mishaps. 3.     When riding on a bicycle trail consistently be careful with your environmental factors. A. Certain path are assigned for sure rough terrain vehicles. Continuously travel on assigned path, focus on  â â â â all signs that tell whether a path is open or shut to OHV use.  â â â â B. Signs demonstrating trail appraisals and single direction trails are posted at every trailhead.  â â â â C. Continuously ride inside your aptitude level. From least demanding to generally troublesome, a green circle, blue square, and dark  â â â â precious stone are signals speaking to the trouble of a path. These signs show the aptitude expected to ride that  â â â â trail under typical condition. Utilize these signs as a token of which trails are reasonable for you. 4.     Always utilize practical insight when engaged with earth biking exercises.      A. Know your vehicle, read the proprietors manual, and utilize good judgment.      B.Don’t ride alone, ride with experienced riders. On the off chance that for reasons unknown you are wanting to ride alone, consistently tell a  â â â â responsible individual where you are voyaging and when you will return. 5.     Being prepared, and prepared for a crisis is an unquestionable requirement when earth biking on the grounds that you will never know when you  â â â â will be abandoned or in a decisive circumstance.      A.. In particular, try to convey drinking water, a medical aid pack, guide and compass, comfortable garments, water- â â â â proof matches, crisis lights, and fix devices.

Consumer Driven Health Plans and Health Savings Accounts Essay

Purchaser Driven Health Plans and Health Savings Accounts - Essay Example ible Spending Accounts, for example, tax reductions to workers and businesses, a compact wellbeing program, an alluring motivating force program and a moderate way to deal with human services. They are desirable over different alternatives since they offer compactness and are less constrained or hazard loaded than the HSA. Be that as it may, they do require a high deductible wellbeing plan. In deciding the best kind of wellbeing intend to offer our workers, the alternative of Health Savings Accounts introduced itself similar to the best decision for our organization circumstance as a little however developing firm. This paper depicts what a Health Savings Account is, addresses the most exceptional focal points it brings to the table with specific accentuation on the preferences offered to little organizations and contrasts this kind of program and other shopper driven wellbeing plans accessible. Moreover, the burdens of Health Savings Accounts are talked about, basic inquiries are presented with answers gave by the Department of Treasury and buyer criticism is advertised. A Health Savings Account (HSA), a case of a buyer driven wellbeing plan, offers a particular option in contrast to the manner by which we work with conventional medical coverage projects, for example, Health Maintenance Organizations (HMO) or Preferred Provider Organizations (PPO). Probably the best preferred position of HSAs is that they offer tax reductions that keep on becoming wealthier on the grounds that customers choose for themselves how to spend less. Patients pay for a more noteworthy portion of their medicinal services straightforwardly and are given more power over the cash in their HSA than they would have in progressively conventional plans. These plans are dependent upon the utilization of a high-deductible medical coverage plan that meets explicit measures, which capacities to bring down expenses for managers just as premiums for representatives. Choices on what kinds of ventures to make with the cash are made by the individual buyers without depending on an outsider business relations master or a wellbeing safety net provider. What's more, every individual

Stress and Promoting Employee Creativity †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Talk about the Stress and Promoting Employee Creativity. Answer: Presentation: With the developing lodging industry on the planet the quantity of room cleaners and room specialist are expanding perpetually. The inn chaperons contains both male and female laborers and foreigners from different nations and spots. Notwithstanding, the room orderlies needs to confront a great deal of difficulties while working in the lodging, for example, long working hours, low compensation, low employer stability and mental weight. They are likewise inclined to a great deal of wellbeing hazard as a result of the kind of weight they face at work, for example, lifting overwhelming beds, twisting down to clean. Also, these works must be done quick which causes back issues in them. Further, Oxenbridge Moensted, 2011 has inspected that the installment framework likewise affects the soundness of the laborers. They for the most part are paid based on number of rooms cleaned in a day as opposed to hourly premise. This makes their compensation low contrasted with different works. It has b een examined by Hsieh, Postolopoulos Sonmez (2016) that the lodging servants face a ton of wellbeing risks because of work which has lead to expanding worry among them. They likewise face mental strains because of challenges they face from migration, for example, language issue, financial boundaries and absence of wellbeing administrations. Additionally, the low compensation they get doesn't permit them to spent sufficient measure of cash on medical issue, which declines their conditions considerably more. The paper dissected for this reason has neglected to examine about the manners in which that can change in the inn business to lessen the impact of different condition on the room specialists. A portion of the papers likewise neglected to concentrate on the particular undertaking that has lead to the expanding wounds among the room chaperons (Hon, Chan Lu, 2013). A portion of the articles have offered space to future research that can be accepted, for example, offering community condition whereby they can invest more energy on keeping up the working condition for the laborers. Further, it has been seen that subjective research alone didn't assist them with finding an appropriate domain for work (Hsieh, Apostolopoulos Snmez, 2013). A quantitative research breaking down is likewise required for examining the connection between that working condition and the emotional well-being of the laborers (Bryman Bell, 2015). What are the arrangement suggestions for improving the state of room orderlies in these inns? Coming up next are the goal of the examination to be done so as to take care of the above issue (Cohen, Manion Morrison, 2013). Breaking down the works that for the most part influences the wellbeing state of the specialist Dissecting the influences these workplace have on the room specialists Proposing routes through which the workplace can be managed in a superior manner for diminishing worry in room specialists Investigating the eventual outcomes of the execution of the strategy From the above investigation it very well may be reasoned that room specialists has been experiencing worry because of the business they work in. This is on the grounds that they regular they are presented to conditions that put a negative effect on them. Besides, they additionally get physical wounds because of the time strains they have at work. In this manner, they have been enduring both intellectually and genuinely. Be that as it may, the target of the paper is to discover approaches to improve the working state of the laborers and increment their efficiency at work. References Bryman, A., Bell, E. (2015).Business research strategies. Oxford University Press, USA. Cohen, L., Manion, L., Morrison, K. (2013).Research strategies in training. Routledge. Hon, A. H., Chan, W. W., Lu, L. (2013). Beating business related pressure and advancing worker inventiveness in lodging industry: The job of errand input from supervisor.International Journal of Hospitality Management,33, 416-424. Hsieh, Y. C. J., Apostolopoulos, Y., Snmez, S. (2013). The world at work: inn cleaners.Occup Environ Med,70(5), 360-364. Hsieh, Y. C., Apostolopoulos, Y., Snmez, S. (2016). Work conditions and wellbeing and prosperity of Latina inn housekeepers.Journal of outsider and minority health,18(3), 568-581. Oxenbridge, S., Moensted, M. L. (2011). The connection between installment frameworks, work heightening and wellbeing and security results: an investigation of lodging attendants.Policy and Practice in Health and Safety,9(2), 7-26.

College Waitlist What Are Your Chances of Getting In

School Waitlist What Are Your Chances of Getting In SAT/ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Getting waitlisted at a school positively isn’t a terrible thing-your application was sufficient to not get dismissed!- however it’s certainly an awkward spot to be.After all, when you’re on the school shortlist, you don’t know whether you’ll be conceded or not, and that by itself is nervousness initiating. Fortunately, there are numerous things you can do to build your chances of getting off a waitlist.In this article, we clarify how the school shortlist functions, what steps to take on the off chance that you've been waitlisted, and how to raise your school shortlist risks so you can go to your fantasy school. What Is the College Waitlist and How Does It Work? What precisely does it mean if you’ve been waitlisted by a school or a few universities? The school shortlist is a rundown of candidates whom a school may or probably won't offer confirmation to.These candidates are basically required to be postponed by a school and would have been conceded had space allowed.The complete number of candidates offered a spot on the school shortlist fluctuates every year and at various schools. On the off chance that you are offered a spot on the school shortlist, you may either acknowledge the greeting and permit your name to be added to itor decay it immediately in the event that you'd preferably not hang tight for an affirmation choice or have just chosen to go to an alternate school. Candidates are commonly just conceded off a shortlist beginning after May 1,or the date by when conceded understudies must present their choices to go to their preferred school alongside the non-refundable store. Schools normally start to concede understudies off the shortlist if and just in the event that they have to fill more spots in their rookie class. Basically, when the May 1 cutoff time has passed, if insufficient candidates have chosen to join in, the school will begin to concede candidates off the shortlist with the expectation they’ll acknowledge the offer. Shortlist acknowledgments frequently turn out slowly all through May, June, July, and now and then even Augustright before the school year begins. Obviously, not every person on the shortlist will be admitted.In reality, a few universities may concede only a couple of understudies or even none at all one year! At long last, some school shortlists rank the candidates on it. So ifyou’re positioned exceptionally, you’re bound to be acknowledged off the waitlist.Nevertheless, most universities don't rank shortlist candidates and rather settle on their confirmations choices dependent on different factors, for example, what majors they need to have spoken to and which candidates will be well on the way to join in whenever conceded. How fortunate do you feel? What Are Your Chances of Getting Off the College Waitlist? On the off chance that you’ve been waitlisted at your fantasy school, you’re most likely thinking about what precisely your chances are of getting off the shortlist and proceeding onward to an out and out acknowledgment. Your odds of getting off the school shortlist basically rely upon five variables: What number of spots the school needs to fill for its first year recruit class. The less the spots there are, the more outlandish it is you’ll be conceded off the shortlist. Conversely, the more spots accessible, the more probable it is you’ll be offered a situation. What majors, areas, and so forth., the school needs to have spoken to in its first year recruit class. In the event that a school didn't concede enough designing majors, for instance, it will doubtlessly concede building majors off its shortlist first. That you are so prone to go to the school whenever conceded. This factor mostly relies upon how intrigued you are in the school and whether you've effectively shown your proceeded with enthusiasm for joining in (we’ll clarify how you can do this in the following segment). Carnegie Mellon keeps up a Priority Waiting List, for instance, for candidates whose first decision is CMU. How solid your general application is, particularly contrasted and other shortlist candidates. While this is difficult to know, on the off chance that you have solid characteristics, for example, a SAT score well over the school’s 75th percentile, at that point it’s likely you're a top contender for confirmation. How exceptionally positioned you are on the shortlist (if the school positions candidates). Eventually, how likely it is you’ll be conceded off a shortlist truly relies upon the specific school you’ve been waitlisted at.Very famous and particular schools get applications from a huge number of qualified understudies every year-a considerable lot of whom end up on the shortlist making it overly hard to decide how great your chances are of being conceded. Besides, the year you apply can bigly affect what number of candidates a school chooses to concede off its waitlist.This happens in light of the fact that both the quality and number of candidates for the most part changes marginally every year, alongside the particular needs of the school (for instance, a school should concede a larger number of majors one year than it did the earlier year). We should investigate some genuine models. At Dartmouth, an exceptionally specific school that is likewise part of the Ivy League, the quantity of applicants offered affirmation from the hold up list changes, from zero in certain years to handfuls in others. Likewise, here'swhat NYU says about its shortlist up-and-comers: The quantity of understudies in earlier years-who have been conceded from the hold up list has changed generally. We had the option to concede no understudies at all from the hold up show one late year while we had the option to concede many understudies another ongoing year. Furthermore, here'swhat the UC framework says on the theme: The quantity of understudies who are eventually conceded changes from year to year, grounds to grounds. It is highly unlikely to tell what number of understudies, assuming any, will eventually be offered confirmation for a specific year. As should be obvious, when all is said in done, there's no simple method to decide your chances of getting conceded off a school waitlist.College shortlist acknowledgments can shift drastically from year to year, chiefly because of the changing number of qualified candidates and the school's needs. Got Waitlisted? 4 Steps Everyone Must Take In the event that you’ve been waitlisted at a school, you’ll need to find a way to guarantee you're at last ready to go to school without issue.Regardless of whether you decide to remain on the shortlist or not, here’s precisely what you'll have to do if you’re offered a shortlist spot. Stage 1: Make a Decision About the Waitlist Would you like to remain on the school shortlist in the expectations you’ll get conceded, or would you rather decay the greeting and simply go with an alternate school? After you’ve gotten a shortlist greeting, set aside effort to consider whether you really need to be on the shortlist for this school.Ask yourself the accompanying inquiries: Is this your fantasy school? Is it true that you are OK with not hearing back from the school immediately and feeling stuck in a kind of limbo state all through the late spring? Is it true that you are OK with conceivably losing cash on a non-refundable store to an alternate school on the off chance that you do wind up getting conceded off the shortlist? Once you’ve settled on your choice about whether to remain on the school shortlist, it’s time to proceed onward to Step 2. Stage 2: Officially Accept or Decline Your Waitlist Invitation In the event that you’ve been offered a spot on the shortlist, realize that you won’t be naturally added to it-you have to authoritatively acknowledge the encouragement to affirm your spot.This for the most part should be finished by a specific cutoff time, ordinarily in mid-April or by May 1.Check with the school or take a gander at your shortlist warning letter to make sense of when the cutoff time is. In the event that you neglect to affirm your situation by this cutoff time, you won't be put on the shortlist and will have in a roundabout way declined your spot on it.If you've chosen to not have your name put on the school shortlist and would prefer to decay your spot, make certain to tell the school of your choice by the cutoff time, in a perfect world at the earliest opportunity. Stage 3: Pick a College to Attend and Submit Your Deposit Whether or not you’ve chose to remain on the shortlist or not, you’ll need to pick a school you’ve been admitted to that you need to join in, regardless of whether it’s not your top decision you’re as yet wanting to get off the shortlist at the other school. Experience all the schools where you’ve been acknowledged (not waitlisted) and, for each, think about significant variables, for example, what sorts of majors it offers, what sorts of educators work there, what extracurriculars are accessible, what its grounds resembles, where it’s found, and so on. You can do inquire about on the schools you're thinking about going to by taking a gander at their official sites, visiting their grounds, and conversing with present or previous understudies. On the off chance that you’re battling to settle on a choice on where you ought to set off for college, look at our guide for tips on the best way to pick the best school for you. Once you’ve chose where you need to attend a university regardless of whether you’re holding out expectation that you’ll get conceded off the shortlist at your top decision it’s time to acknowledge your proposal of affirmation and present your non-refundable deposit.Both your acknowledgment of confirmation and store must be presented no later than the May 1 cutoff time. Stage 4: Wait for Your Waitlist Decision After you’ve settled on a school to join in, all that’s left for you to do is stand by to get your shortlist choice notice. At the point when you hear once again from a school with respect to its shortlist choices can fluctuate significantly, from as ahead of schedule as May to as late as August, and it is highly unlikely of telling when you'll get your choice (and whether it’ll be a positive or negative outcome!). On the off chance that you do get conceded off the school shortlist, congrats! You presently need to settle on the choice between tolerating this proposal of confirmation and pulling back your past acknowledgment, or dismissing this

Macro-economic factors Essay Example for Free

Full scale financial variables Essay There are a ton of large scale natural factors that influence Telfin execution however underscore has been given on the significant variables. Monetary components like present and foreseen financial development, loan cost, expansion, cost of work, discretionary cashflow and circulation of salary and so forth by and large involve financial condition. Present and anticipated monetary conditions: as of late Pakistan’s financial figures were showing noteworthy and promising outcomes and infact these all were demonstrated to not be right. Various reasons are behind this yet the most significant are the monetary arrangements which were not coordinated with world of politics in a well-suited way. Besides, fear based oppression has stooped down our economy in a negative way. Subsequently on account of these reasons Pakistan present and foreseen monetary conditions aren’t in Telfin favor. Swapping scale: Telfin is legitimately influenced by vacillation of trade rates as speculation is being done in USD, all providers must be paid in USD and being auxiliary of Vimplecom, Shareholder estimations are in USD while income is produced in neighborhood cash (PKR). Due to deteriorated PKR consistently when income is determined in USD it is limited because of negative conversion scale impact. Fuel Prices: Telfin is the one of the greatest client of PSO (Pakistan State Oil), because of vitality emergency in Pakistan and being the biggest on inclusion for the administrations, in excess of 5000 cell locales must be empowered to keep the system running. Taxtation: Govt has applied extra 5% charge on the top up so supporters get 5% less parity on energize yet as an effect it has been seen that endorsers have diminished the use as revive income has diminished and 5% decrease is from Telfin income. Expansion and financing cost: loan cost and swelling both are raised in Pakistan. In the vast majority of nations it is particularly regular that once financial conditions are terrible national banks decreases loan cost so as to support venture where as in Pakistan the case is something else. The financing cost is high in light of the fact that the administration needs to stop national bank new notes giving rate which is over 15% right now. In this manner all things considered loan fee and swelling are introducing a terrible picture for Telfin. Joblessness rate and cost of work: Because of advanced education blast thereâ is a capable pool of competitors who are fit to be utilized in large organizations or associations. Be that as it may, the truth of the matter is that the creation of new openings isn't equipped with gracefully pool in this way joblessness rate is high. Also as flexibly of potential specialists is high, the expense of work is low in Pakistan which is a positive sign for Telfin. Level of expendable cash and pay dissemination: It is extremely clear that if the monetary states of a specific nation are awful, the individuals living in, don't have elevated level pay to be spent. Additionally the truth of the matter is that national salary dispersion is out of line and inconsistent in Pakistan since exclusive class overwhelms on key government posts. Non-financial large scale Exposure: Telfin like each other association is additionally influenced by the political arrangement to a more prominent degree which are should have been tended to. Political Factor: There is a popularity based government now-a-days in Pakistan yet because of past government approaches present government failure to oversee issue astutely, it tends to be finished up plainly that administration can't settle the circumstance as it was normal which is unquestionably not useful for the organizations like Telfin. Rule of Law, Corruption and administration: Due to the corrections made in the constitution of Pakistan by ex-tyrants and mastery of rich individuals on the crucial government posts, there is only an insignificant equity and rule of law in Pakistan. Consistency specialists: There are normality bodies in Pakistan like PTA (Pakistan Telecommunication Authority) however it needs more hold on issues as it is relied upon from it because of the order given to it. Security: Due to security circum stances, telecom industry has endured a great deal as on occasions there is finished system shutdown to forestall fear based oppression. These shut down is an immediate misfortune for complete industry. Also because of various estimates taken by normality to deliver security is to have Biometric examining before issuance of SIM so cost of offer has expanded as of late and all administrators need to introduce machines to have checking capacity.

Ras Men Seek - Free Essay Example

Before long, the storyteller discovers Clifton in the city offering Sambo dolls. Clifton has left the gathering. White policemen question Clifton, who does not have an allow to offer things in the city, and amid a fight, the police shoot and slaughter Clifton. The storyteller lauds Clifton, painting him as a legend, and his words move open assumption toward Clifton. Be that as it may, the storyteller has arranged the memorial service without the Brotherhoods authorization, making Brother Jack exceptionally irate. Ras men seek after the storyteller, so he utilizes shades and a cap as a camouflage. The storyteller at last touches base at Brother Hambros flat and discovers that the Brotherhood is beginning to limit Harlem. Sibling Hambro says that the gathering could really compare to any single individuals needs. The storyteller chooses to play alongside the desire for undermining the Brotherhood from inside. Mobs have broken out in Harlem, and the Brotherhood means to utilize these for their own finishes. The storyteller falls in with a gathering of raiders who torch an apartment building. Meandering without end, he experiences Ras, who is currently riding a steed, furnished with a lance, and calling himself The Destroyer. Ras approaches the crowd to lynch the storyteller. The storyteller escapes and falls into a sewer vent. Two white policemen discover him; expecting him to be in control of plundered property, they seal him in. The epic closures with the storyteller saying hes been underground from that point forward, thinking about how he can remain consistent with his uniqueness while as yet keeping up his connections to the gathering. Hes recounted his story to assist other individuals with their very own imperceptibility. The significant subject of the novel is the connection among race and individual personality, particularly how prejudice can affect a persons feeling of self. The storyteller must choose various occasions between his needs and needs and the requirements of the Brotherhood. This is muddled by the way that racial bias makes individuals see him just as they need to see him, in the event that they see him by any means. Visual impairment is a common theme all through the novel. Various characters cant see, blindfolded, or blinded over the span of the book.

Critical Lens Essay - Writing a High-Quality Critical Essay

Critical Lens Essay - Writing a High-Quality Critical EssayAre you writing a critical lens essay for the class? If not, then you may want to get started on the very first paragraph in your essay and give some insight about the school. Also you can mention why it is important to take a lens class.Remember that most of the essays that you are submitting will be graded. So make sure that you give them a detailed explanation of why the essay is worth the grade. Give your personal insight about what you are trying to accomplish with the topic and what school you plan to attend. The student should not just list all the benefits of being at the college, but he should also give a general description of what the college is all about.This will help the student demonstrate his hard work and dedication. The teacher will see how much effort is put into the work, especially if it is a critical lens essay.It is not hard to write a thesis statement on a tough subject. It is just that sometimes the s tudent gets sidetracked and tries to include many things that are not relevant to the thesis statement. The teacher will be able to tell from this that there is a lot of information that the student did not put into the thesis statement and you should try to see if you can clean up the information you do include.The main point is to write an essay that will appeal to the reviewer. The reviewer will be able to see how well you have researched and how well you organized the information you gave. He will be able to determine whether or not you have a good understanding of the topic and if you have an opinion. You should avoid writing something that will look like a thesis statement.He will need to know how you would answer the reviewer's questions, not just the subject matter of the assignment. As long as you donot neglect the primary point of the assignment, you will be able to get through a difficult period of time when you will have to write your essay.The best way to write a critic al lens essay is to get your thesis statement down without straying from the main point. Remember that a thesis statement will be a summary of your ideas, and you should not leave anything out. It will also keep you from worrying about the big picture and getting lost in the details.

History of Spain - Overview

Adam Smith And Karl Marx Foundations Of American Expo

Joshua Bremer Foundations of American Expo. Prof. Stern May 3, 2015 Adam Smith and Karl Marx Modern political economic theory and philosophy can be greatly attributed to the works of two men who seemingly held polar opposite views on the subject. Adam Smith, a Scottish philosopher, published his most well-known work An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations in 1776 and is most often associated with the ideas and principles of the political economic system known as Capitalism. At the other end of the spectrum is Karl Marx; the German philosopher most often associated with Communism and the author (or co-author) of The Communist Manifesto. This paper seeks to discuss the core differences in their respective political economic philosophies with regards to what economic value is and what the role of government should be in their versions of political economy. This will conclude with the argument that while Smith s work had laid the foundation for modern economic philosophy, it was Marx who would ultimately leave the most significant impression upon the world with his revolutionary ideas. An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations is considered to be the first full treatment on the study of Economics. This work essentially lays the foundation for the economic system known as Capitalism. Interestingly enough, Capitalism was a term first brought into the public debate, somewhat pejoratively, by Karl Marx himself in describing a capitalist

Curriculum, Quality and Professionalism - 2696 Words

Curriculum, Quality and Professionalism Introduction In this report I will explain the purpose and design of the curriculum proposal. I will then review the feedback obtained from the validating panel and the changes made. Professional values will also be explained and the importance they have in the lifelong learning sector. In addition, I will explain how the course will be evaluated providing a summary of how records are currently being used. Finally, I will create an action plan highlighting development needs to the course design. Curriculum Design- Independent Living Skills The course was designed for students in the second year of college and is set over a period of 15 weeks with 2 hour sessions. The aim of this course is to provide students with the necessary life skills needed for life after college. This course also provides students with the skills and abilities to live independently. As many first year students at university drop out due to academic and sometimes financial issues, this course helps to tackle some of these problems. The course discusses how to find a place to live at university, remain safe, keep personal items safe and how to interact and make friends at university which leads to the summative assessment of a come dine with me theme. In addition the course covers health and fitness, the importance of a healthy diet and this will also assist in stress management. This course also focuses on budgeting and managing finances allowing students toShow MoreRelatedThe Principles Of Professionalism And Professionalism1593 Words   |  7 Pagesthe principles of professionalism will be discussed including its importance to education as a whole, and as a practitioner. The following will be discussed; assessing the different understandings of professionalism, demonstrating factors such as self-awareness, personal qualities and skills. Then examine how these may impact a practitioner â€Å"Professionalism means different things to different people† as suggest by Fox (1992, p. 2). Examining the different meanings of professionalism Hanlon 1998 wouldRead MoreExtended Professionalism Of Chinese Context1583 Words   |  7 Pages2.5.Teachers’ Extended Professionalism in Chinese Context China has long been under the educational reform for decades, and the result brought by this reform is defined as decentralisation, which is described by Hanson (1997) and Bray (2003) as a process in which the power is distributed from central government to individual educational institutions. This process also triggered power redistribution. The decentralisation also results in the issues such as ‘managerialism’, ‘accountability’, and ‘competition’Read MoreThe Importance Of The Concept Of Professionalism Essay1944 Words   |  8 PagesCritical analysis of the concept of professionalism in teaching Introduction Of all the sociological ideas, one of the most difficult to analyse satisfactorily is the concept of a profession. This is due to three basic problems. Firstly, the semantic confusion, resulting from excessive use of the word. Secondly, the structural limitation enforced by attempts to devise fundamental characteristics of a profession. Lastly, the adherence to a static model, rather than appreciation of the dynamic processRead MoreTeaching Profession: Key Elements of Professionalism and Ethics1137 Words   |  5 PagesIt is expected that the profession of teaching embraces many qualities of any other professional practice. 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In Zimbabwe, in order to improve quality teachers undergo training at teachers’ college, technical colleges or universities. In 1998, more than 88 % of teachers held atRead MoreThe Personal Plan Of Action936 Words   |  4 Pagesemploy quality teachers, are organized, has great communication skills, and has a sense of professionalism. Many of these qualities are traits that I feel I have and are continually being strengthened by the knowledge I acquire through my graduate courses and the role as FCIM facilitator. I hope that through hard work and diligence I will receive an assistant principal appointment in the next two years, and ultimately a principalship in the next five years. As a principal, I will be a curriculum leaderRead MoreBest Instructional Practices For Teaching Content Standards964 Words   |  4 PagesAccording to Eric Sheninger, effective principals are instructional leaders, create a positive school climate, hire quality teachers, are organized, has great communication skills, and has a sense of professionalism. Many of these qualities are trait that I feel I possess and are continually being strengthened by the knowledge I acquire through my graduate courses and the role as FCIM facilitator. I hope that through hard work and diligence I will receive an assistant principal appointment in the

Problems Faced by Sociology as a Science and How They Can...

THE UNIVERSTY OF ZAMBIA SCHOOL OF HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCES. SOCIOLOGY NAME : EMMANUEL WINA MUSHALA COMPTER NUMBER : 11067080 COURSE CODE : S 111 LECTURER : MR. MATAA MWIYA TUTORIAL : MONDAY 14 – 13 HOURS. DUE DATE : FRIDAY 16TH SEPTEMBER, 2011. ASSIGNMENT : ONE QUESTION : WITH EXAMPLES, CRITICALLY DISCUSS THE PROBLEMS FACED BY SOCIOLOGY AS A SCIENCE AND INDICATE HOW SUCH PROBLEMS CAN BE REDUCED OR ALLEVIATED. This essay is aimed at critically discussing the problems faced by sociology as a science and indicating how such problems can be reduced or alleviated. In order to answer the question at hand, the definitions of sociology, science and alleviate will be†¦show more content†¦As a general rule, the higher the proportion of non-responses in the sample, the more likely it is that the survey of those who do take part will be biased. Even if every attempt is made to reduce bias in the survey, the observations that sociologists make in carrying out a piece of research are likely to reflect their own cultural assumptions. This is the observer bias and it can be difficult, or perhaps impossible to eliminate. (Ibid) Sociology as a science faces the problem of the inability to rearrange society completely scientific experimentation. In studying society, usually sociology study’s people at all levels but suspends attitudes and morals of people. (Young,1948) To find out whether a correlation between variables is a casual connection, sociologists use controls. This means some variables have to be held constant in order to look at the effects of others. An example would be in studying the relationship between maternal deprivation in infancy and serious personality problems in adulthood. This could be done by trying to control or ‘screen out’ other possible influences that might explain the correlation. This might prove difficult as the child’s guardian may object to this experiment being carried out on her child. Giddens (2006:84) According to Giddens, (2006), another problem in sociology is identifying causes as there are a large number of possible causes that could be invoked to explain any given correlation. An example is of how difficult it is toShow MoreRelatedOverview of Organizational Theories2072 Words   |  8 Pagesaffect nearly everyones life in one way or another. However, there are many different perspectives that can be used in understanding these organizations. Theorists have produced many different ideas about the best vantage point in which to try to understand how an organization functions. Furthermore, it is important for leaders in the organization to understand these theories so that they can tailor their own concepts and theories and the organizations in which they are members of. This translatesRead MoreThe Curriculum Policy Statement Of The Council On Social Work5929 Words   |  24 PagesProblem Statement, Background, and Research Interest The Curriculum Policy Statement of the Council on Social Work Education (CSWE, 2001), the accrediting body of all bachelor s and master s social work degree programs in the United States, requires all social work programs to teach students how to promote economic and social justice. The revised Code of Ethics (1996) of the National Association of Social Workers proclaims the pursuit of social justice one of the profession s core values andRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagescentury. 4. World politics—20th century. I. Adas, Michael, 1943– II. American Historical Association. D421.E77 2010 909.82—dc22 2009052961 The paper used in this publication meets the requirements of the American National Standard for Information Sciences—Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI Z39.48-1992 Printed in the United States of America 2 4 6 8 9 7 5 3 1 C ONTENTS Introduction Michael Adas 1 1 World Migration in the Long Twentieth Century †¢ Jose C. MoyaRead MoreCase Study148348 Words   |  594 Pages(QR) The Changan-Ford Joint Venture: Same Bed but Different Dreams? TNK-BP: from Russia Without Love – a Joint Venture That Almost Fell Apart International HIV / AIDS Alliance Doman Synthetic Fibres plc (B) Sony Corporation: Restructuring Continues, Problems Remain LEAX: Managing Through a Crisis Design and Development of Strategy Processes at RACC Consulting in MacFarlane Solutions NHS Direct: Managing in Difficult Times 235 254 257 264 270 276 281 285 289 295 299 307 311 317 322 326 329 335 340

Leadership Styles Organizational Commitment -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Leadership Styles Organizational Commitment? Answer: Introduction Leadership may be defined as an art of inspiring an individual or a group of people to act towards attaining common organizational objectives. This definition highlights two essential attributes of leadership, firstly, the ability to motivate others and secondly, being self-prepared to inspire other people. An effective leadership is entirely dependent upon ideas and implementation of such ideas through effective communication with others. Such communication should be conducted in a manner that ensures their involvement in the act as per the direction of the leader (DuBrin, 2015). Essential attributes of an effective leader Several theories have been developed to define the factors that influence the effectiveness of a leader. Confidence and Knowledge- these are characteristic traits that differs from one leader to another leader and is based on the trait theory (Northouse, 2018). Global leaders like Barack Obama, Mahatma Gandhi, Winston Churchill, and Adolf Hitler were great leaders but had distinct characteristics that were different from each other. For instance, Hitler was a charismatic leader who although was unable to develop intimate relationship with people, but with his charismatic nature drew attention of people inspiring their devotion to him. On the contrary, Mahatma Gandhi was not only a charismatic leader but also a social person who was capable of developing friendships with people and inspiring them to support non-violence under any circumstances. These two different traits of the two different great leaders had the capability of motivating people to attain their respective objectives. Task-oriented- Leaders should be task-oriented, as it would enable them to undertake authoritarian, democratic decisions. This characteristic is based on behavioral theory that states that an effective leader should have a liberal approach and are supportive, democratic in their decisions (Sethuraman Suresh, 2014). A leader possessing such trait always focuses on the goal and the systematic plan to accomplish the goal. For instance- his supporters have viewed Lennin, the Russian political leader as an effective leader who was not only a social person who always aspired for setting higher standards with ultimate efficiency. They require their subordinates to be efficient that provide clear instructions regarding the schedule or systematic plan to be followed to accomplish their objectives. Charismatic- this characteristic is based on the charismatic theory that includes empowerment, envisioning and empathy as its essential elements. The leaders use their charisma to inspire people to become their followers as they express their concern for the needs and desires of the people of their respective countries (DuBois et al., 2015). For instance- Bill Clinton and Winston Churchill are perceived as leaders that possessed the capability of developing friendly atmosphere for their followers by making them feel that they are participants in the decision-making process. They always gave significant importance to the needs of the people and ensured that their needs are fulfilled leading to their welfare. Outcome-oriented- this characteristic is based on the transactional leadership theory that is clearly outcome-oriented. The leader possessing this characteristic trait inspires their subordinates through rewards and punishments. The requirements to be fulfilled are to be encouraged with awards and failure to fulfill any such requirements will entitle the subordinates with punishments. This type of leadership quality is effective to deal with risky situations (Antonakis Day, 2017). For instance- Joseph McCarthy, the former state senator of Wisconsin is a glaring example of a leader that was known for his transactional form of leadership. He was popular for introducing a system of rewarding his followers who would succeed in capturing accused communist infiltrators and punishing the followers who failed to abide by his rule. This system if reward and punishment resulted in motivated outcomes amongst his followers. Inspiring- this trait is the most crucial characteristics that a leader should possess as inspiring the followers is a pre-requisite to accomplish the stated goals. This trait is based on the transformational leadership theory where the leader requests their followers to follow their morals and ideals in an inspiring manner to accomplish the common stated objectives (Daft, 2014). For example- Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. was one of the great leaders who followed the transformational leadership theory to challenge the status quo of his followers and encouraging them to explore new ways using their morals and ideals to accomplish the goals. He is, undoubtedly, a glaring example of a transformational leader who was capable of articulating an unambiguous vision to his followers making them believe that they can freed themselves from any constraints that restrain them from leading a life to which they are equally entitled. Facilitator- a facilitator is a leader who ensures that the needs and desires of his followers are fulfilled before they fulfill their own needs. This trait is associated with the servant leadership concept where the leaders are more concerned about their followers than they are about themselves. These leaders serve their followers instead of behaving like a king. They believe in the concept of serving the needs of the followers instead of merely thrusting their ideas and ways or needs upon them. For example- Mahatma Gandhi who is known for his nature serve the needs of the people instead of identifying himself with the symbol of power that I usually used by other leaders to signify that they are above their followers. He had the leadership skills of voluntary subordination where he identified himself as a servant of the people who must serve them to fulfill their needs. My Strength Charismatic- this characteristic enables leaders to develop friendly relations with the followers to inspire them. Since I can become friends with any person very easily and have the knack for gaining knowledge from persons of different age, I believe I can use this trait of mine to inspire my co-workers and maintain a friendly work atmosphere at my workplace. A healthy and friendly workplace is a key to a successful organization. Task-oriented- I always aim at accomplishing my goals and in order to attain the objectives it is essential to develop a systematic plan. A systematic plan shall enable me to explain the roles and responsibilities that should be performed by the subordinates. Further, my ability to motivate my subordinates and other fellow workers would be an additional means to encourage the subordinates focus and accomplish the stated goals. Inspiring- I believe unity is strength and to achieve unity it is essential to understand the strength and weakness of the subordinates as well as the co-workers. This is because only, it would be possible to encourage the fellow workers and subordinates to follow their strengths which may include their ideals and morals and fortify their weaknesses so that they are able to overcome all the impediments that hinders their means to attain the stated goals. Inspiration and motivation are two fundamental characteristics that measure the effectiveness of a leader at any given point. My Deficiencies Lack of confidence- At times, I do not feel confident enough about the fact whether I would be able to exhibit my leadership skills into the right direction and at the right time. Despite my work experience as a team leader, I lack confidence about the fact whether I would be able to bring out the best outcome through proper directions. This is partly because while working as a team leader I often failed to explain to my team members the ways and manner in which we could achieve the desired outcome. The absence of this trait often overweighs my ability to explore new ideas and develop ways to execute such new ideas to achieve the desired outcome. Lack of Outcome-orientation- Although I am very focused about developing a systematic plan to make people accomplish the common objectives but I often fail to execute the means and ways through which such objectives could be achieved. In other words, as mentioned that outcome-oriented is a trait enables the leader to reward or punish the subordinates for achieving or failing to achieve the desired outcome respectively. However, I lack this ability as being a friendly person that I am; it would be difficult for me to punish any of my teammates or subordinates for failing to achieve the desired objective. This trait is useful to deal with any risky situation where it becomes essential to be more stringent to prevent the situation from getting worse or restore to the normal situation. Non-facilitator- Being a team leader formerly, I have grasped the attitude of accomplishing the stated objectives and to make a plan that states the manners and ways to achieve such objectives. My ultimate objective had been to meet the needs and target of the organization. Although I have a friendly attitude and believe in motivating my colleagues and subordinates, but I was more concerned about individual and organization needs than of the needs and desires of the teammates or subordinates who assisted in accomplishing the common organizational goals. I lack the ability to serve my subordinates and meet their needs as I have always recognized myself with the power symbol that places me in higher position from my subordinates. Influence of my Indian culture on my leadership skills The term culture refers to the customs, ideas and social behavior that is associated with any specific group of persons or community (Goleman, 2017). Being an Indian, referring to the Indian culture it can be said that India is one of the most ethnically and religiously diverse nations in the world and amongst the diverse culture, I belong to the Sikh culture that has its origin in the Punjab region of the country. As per the teachings of my culture, serving others selflessly and believing in equality of human beings are means to feel the presence of God. My culture has taught me to respect the dignity of every individual and lend had to the weak or your subordinates. My religion has taught me to follow the path of truth and be determined to overcome any hindrances with perseverance. These cultural attributes have not only influenced my attitude but has also fortified my leadership skills, showing direction to become a good and effective leader. Moreover, as I have grown up in a joint family, it taught me the significance of cooperation and unity from which has helped me acquire the task-oriented capability. Apart from the cultural teachings, my parents have always encouraged me to be honest and respectful to others in all my endeavors, which has made me acquire the ability to encourage my subordinates and build good relationship with them. Ideal leader: Barack Obama Barack Obama has been a true leader and was the 44th US President who achieved highest reputation globally. His most effective leadership abilities include perseverance, conviction, taking risks, art of communication, confidence, respect and fairness and lastly, his We-not-I Attitude. His campaign slogan for the presidential campaign in 2008 was change we can believe in as he believed that if the direction is right, one can influence other person and spread the message across. Comparative analysis of my potentials Amongst all my potentials, I have learnt to show respect my subordinates, my seniors and my co-workers which is a common trait possessed by Barack Obama. This is evident from the event when Obama supported the re-initiation of diplomatic actions with Iran by opposing the passing of the Bill, which would otherwise have recognized Iranian Revolutionary Guard as a terrorist group. This signifies that the former US President was respectful towards every organization irrespective of their relationships or history. Another significant strength that is in common between Obama and me is the We-not-I-Attitude according to which he addressed the people in his speeches as we instead of I as this attitude was a smart way to involve the people. The attitude to use we is comprehended as an unique way to signify that people are involved in the conversation and then making them believe that they have actually contributed affirmatively to a cause. When the leader says we accomplished the objective together, every person listening to such a statement feels to be a part of the proceedings even if they have not been engaged in the proceedings. This ability is essential for a leader to be an effective leader as it makes him capable of involving people, giving them the ownership of particular objective. Further, Obama has another leadership quality that is common with me which is perseverance. This is evident from a recent event where he supported several issues during the UN resolution on the Israel-Palestinian conflict where he stated that when we are sure about the path we are following we could influence others. In order to follow the right path, hindrances may appear but we have to be patient and move forward by overcoming such constraints with perseverance. He stood for the right issues which signifies that he was sure about his job and hence, was capable of conveying the people about his view and received their acceptance. Comparative analysis of my Deficiencies Some of the leadership skills possessed by Barack Obama are the areas where I lack potential. One such quality is confidence that is in abundance within the former US President. Though there are several instances, where he had exhibited his confidence but one such significant event where the country and its nationals witnessed confidence in their leader was in 2009 when the country faced two worst wars. Firstly, it was one of the worst economic disasters the country had faced and secondly, the multi-trillion dollar debt. He not only exhibited his confidence but said words that built confidence in the nationals as well. To quote his speech, he said Starting today, we must pick ourselves up, dust ourselves off and begin the work of remaking America. Another essential leadership quality that I lack, which is one of Obamas strengths, is his art of communication. Mr. Obama is an excellent speaker and that he knows exactly how to engage into an effective communication with any group, person or audience irrespective of their age, gender, race, background, etc, thus, he perfected the art of communication. He won the Marketer of the Year Award in 2008 by the Advertising Age for the campaign that was about the way to communicate with almost every person who was eligible to vote. He gained their confidence and conveyed his message across unambiguously. If I compare my weakness in the ability to undertake risks, it is yet another leadership skill possessed by Mr. Obama. In his book the Audacity of Hope, the former US President mentioned about the big risk he had undertaken by running for the Presidency when his well-wishers and friends asked him otherwise based on his failure in the primaries presidential race in 2004. Taking risk requires lot of courage and only those who have taken risk in their lives have achieved immense success in their life. Rationale for my Development Plan It is a universal nature of an individual to strengthen his inner deficiencies that restraints a person from achieving his desired goals. I am aware of my weaknesses that might act as hindrances in becoming an effective leader. Such abilities include lack of communication skills, lack of self-confidence, inability to undertake risk. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a plan that would assist me in improving my personality traits, enabling me to be an effective leader. Such a development plan would assist me to fortify my potentials and transform my deficiency into my strengths. Developmental Opportunities Several opportunities that would enable me to fortify my weaknesses and inhibit leadership traits are enumerated as below: Team building workshops- to develop team-building skills, attending team-building workshops prove to be effective as such, workshops shall enable to develop communication skills, greater cooperation and provide experiential techniques like conflict-handling sessions, inter-personal trust exercises etc. Self-regulation- this opportunity would not only assist me in strengthening my weaknesses but also build self-confidence in me to influence others. Regularity at work ensures that I communicate more, enhance my confidence level, thus improving my ability to undertake risks, and do not repeat my mistakes. Developmental strategies Keep learning- the best option to become an effective leader is to keep gaining knowledge about new things. This process not only sharpens the mind but also brushes up the existing leadership skills. It prepares the leader to facing new challenges while accomplishing the desired goals and objectives. Learn to follow- an effective leader must maintain a liberal approach and must not feel threatened when others disagree with the leader instead must appreciate the ideas and views of other if it is worth such appreciation. Inspire from successful leaders- another effective development strategy that would enable me to improve on my weaknesses is to walk in the footsteps of successful leaders and get inspired from them. Research studies and regular follow-up of successful leaders shall acts as proper guidance to improve the leadership skills. Taking risk- it is essential to undertake risks in life to achieve success. It might seem difficult initially but it does not imply that it cannot be done. As it is said failures are the pillars of success, taking risks would also strengthen my capability deal with any crisis with efficacy. Indicators of success Self assessment- this is the indicator of success for my first strategy where I can assess myself to what extent I have improved on my weaknesses and how effectively I am executing my leadership skills to accomplish the desired goals. Use of digital assessment tools- the use of video cameras within an organization for capturing my performance of the leaders and my behavioral conduct towards the subordinates or co-workers within an organization, whether I maintain a liberal approach or impose my ideas on others who do not agree with mine. This is the success indicator for my second strategy. Inclination- this is the indicator of success for my third strategy, which will measure how much I am inclined to becoming a successful leader. It shall also measure to what extent I am inhibiting the leadership traits possessed by the successful leaders. Feedback- To obtain feedbacks from superiors, subordinates as well as my co-workers regarding my performance as a leader is the success indicator for my fourth strategy. Their feedbacks would measure the effectiveness of my leadership skills within the organization. Resources for strategy implementation Technology- it is important to have access to advanced technology to obtain advanced and accurate information about improving my leadership skills; Capital- Capital is essential resource for making payments to the team-building workshops and obtaining books, journals, articles, other learning course materials. Conveyance- it is an important resource as its is mandatory to reach the workshops and attend conferences, public speeches conducted by the leaders, etc. Time- this is the most vital resource as it takes reasonable time to develop an effective plan to accomplish the desired goals. Timeframe for implementation Timeframe is essential to develop strategic plan for attaining desired goals; In order to develop such strategic plan, I would do research work to sharpen my skills for two weeks; I will take classes to improve on my weaknesses for three weeks; I will apply the theoretical knowledge to practical situations as and when required; Reference list Aktas, M., Gelfand, M. J., Hanges, P. J. (2016). Cultural tightnesslooseness and perceptions of effective leadership.Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology,47(2), 294-309. Anderson, M. H., Sun, P. Y. (2017). Reviewing leadership styles: Overlaps and the need for a new full?rangetheory.International Journal of Management Reviews,19(1), 76-96. Antonakis, J., Day, D. V. (Eds.). (2017).The nature of leadership. Sage publications. Arnold, K. A., Connelly, C. E., Walsh, M. M., Martin Ginis, K. A. (2015). Leadership styles, emotion regulation, and burnout.Journal of Occupational Health Psychology,20(4), 481. Baur, J. E., Ellen III, B. P., Buckley, M. R., Ferris, G. R., Allison, T. H., McKenny, A. F., Short, J. C. (2016). More than one way to articulate a vision: A configurations approach to leader charismatic rhetoric and influence.The Leadership Quarterly,27(1), 156-171. Boin, A., Stern, E., Sundelius, B. (2016).The politics of crisis management: Public leadership under pressure. Cambridge University Press. Cloutier, O., Felusiak, L., Hill, C., Pemberton-Jones, E. J. (2015). The importance of developing strategies for employee retention.Journal of Leadership, Accountability and Ethics,12(2), 119. Daft, R. L. (2014).The leadership experience. Cengage Learning. Demirtas, O., Akdogan, A. A. (2015). The effect of ethical leadership behavior on ethical climate, turnover intention, and affective commitment.Journal of Business Ethics,130(1), 59-67. DuBois, M., Hanlon, J., Koch, J., Nyatuga, B., Kerr, N. (2015). Leadership styles of effective project managers: Techniques and traits to lead high performance teams.Journal of Economic Development, Management, IT, Finance, and Marketing,7(1), 30. DuBrin, A. J. (2015).Leadership: Research findings, practice, and skills. Nelson Education. Goleman, D. (2017).Leadership That Gets Results (Harvard Business Review Classics). Harvard Business Press. Jacquart, P., Antonakis, J. (2015). When does charisma matter for top-level leaders? Effect of attributional ambiguity.Academy of Management Journal,58(4), 1051-1074. Nanjundeswaraswamy, T. S., Swamy, D. R. (2014). Leadership styles.Advances in management,7(2), 57. Northouse, P. G. (2018).Leadership: Theory and practice. Sage publications. PARA-GONZLEZ, L. O. R. E. N. A., Jimenez-Jimenez, D., MARTNEZ-LORENTE, . R. (2018). Exploring the mediating effects between transformational leadership and organizational performance.Employee Relations: The International Journal, (just-accepted), 00-00. Sethuraman, K., Suresh, J. (2014). Effective leadership styles.International Business Research,7(9), 165. Yahaya, R., Ebrahim, F. (2016). Leadership styles and organizational commitment: literature review.Journal of Management Development,35(2), 190-216.

Involuntary Manslaughter Everything You Want To Know

Question: What isInvoluntary manslaughter? Explain. Answer: Involuntary manslaughter means any kind or form of killing in which mens rea for murder is not present. This means that death is caused by an act of gross criminal negligence Manslaughter leading to an unlawful act is also known as constructive manslaughterThis essay describes the essential elements of involuntary manslaughter along with the types of involuntary manslaughter and a case study to illustrate them. Additionally, this essay also describes the applicability of gross negligence manslaughter to the case study that is provided and the potential criminal liability of each of the party involved in the case of Kitty. In order to constitute a crime of involuntary manslaughter the following two elements should be present: An unlawful act that is committed by the defendant that leads to death of some other person. The unlawful act should involve a danger that someone else would be harmed. A majority of the cases that is involved in the area involuntary manslaughter is related to assisting people who take drugs. However, there have been many cases in which the Courts have not held the dealer liable for deaths that have been caused by drugs. In the case of R. v Dalby, the Court did not hold the dealer liable as they held that dealer does not owe duty of care towards the customers who buy drugs from them. One important factor that is to be considered here is the link or causation that is between the act and the death of the person. In the case of R v. Kennedy, the injured party asked the defendant to give him something so that he is able to sleep. The defendant injected him with heroin and due to overdose of heroin, the victim died. The defendant in this case was held liable for manslaughter. In the case of R v. Rogers, the defendant held a tourniquet around the victims arm so that the victim could inject themselves of drugs. The Court held the defendant liable for mansl aughter, as he was involved in the injection process. Additionally, it is also important to determine the risk involved in involuntary manslaughter. This means that if a reasonable person who is watching the act will be able to identify the risk that is involved. The harm that is related to the unlawful act of the defendant should be linked with each other. The harm caused should be physical in nature. There are three types of involuntary manslaughter: Gross negligence manslaughter Reckless manslaughter Unlawful act manslaughter Gross negligence manslaughter: In this kind of involuntary manslaughter, the defendant is apparently acting legally. This type of manslaughter arises in cases where the defendant has caused death; however, he did not intend to cause the death of the victim. Hence, we may conclude that in this type of manslaughter, there is absence of mens rea. To prove gross negligence, it is important that an unlawful act was committed. Gross negligence is applicable in cases where the defendant has acted lawfully however; his action in some way or the other became criminal in nature. The following elements should be present in order to make a person liable for gross negligence manslaughter: Existence of a duty of care Violation of duty of care Breach of duty of care leads to death of the person Jury decides the criminality of the negligence In the case of R.v. Adomoko, appellant was an anaesthetist who was unsuccessful in identifying that the tube was disconnected from the ventilator of the patient. Resultantly, the patient underwent a cardiac arrest and died. The appellant was convicted for manslaughter and the Court stated that in cases of gross negligence manslaughter, ordinary principles of negligence shall be applied to notice if there has been breach of duty of care or not. In gross negligence manslaughter the duty of act includes, statutory, contractual and common law duty. In the case of, R v. Bateman, the doctor was held liable for manslaughter, as he was negligent with his treatment of women in childbirth. The doctor owed duty of care towards his patient, which he failed to exercise. Likewise, in the case of R v. Misra and Srivastava, the Court held that to constitute an offence of gross negligence, where the risk of life is associated, and the defendant owes duty of care and contravention of the duty of care has taken place. Reckless Manslaughter: In this type of manslaughter, the defendant is generally conscious of the degree of risk that is likely to cause injury to the injured party and still chooses to disregard it or remains unresponsive to it. In the case R v. Lidar, the defendant was driving the car while he was in a conversation with the victim. The rear wheel of the car crushed the head of the defendant. The defendant was held liable for reckless manslaughter. The reason behind this is that the defendant was aware of the seriousness of the harm that was related to his action. Unlawful Act: This type of manslaughter means that the unlawful act of the defendant has causes death of the plaintiff. The unlawful act of the defendant should be dangerous and there should be a causal link between the action of the defendant and the death of the plaintiff. Such an act is termed as unlawful act. In the case of DPP v. Newbury and Jones, the House of Lords held that the plaintiff should prove that the defendant had the objective to act unlawfully however; there is no prerequisite for the defendant to foresee that the act has the likelihood of causing death. In the given case, Gary was dealer in heroin, who supplied Jenny and Kitty with heroin. Kitty was only sixteen years old. Garry equipped the syringe of heroin for Jenny and Kitty. Jenny injected herself with the heroin and also injected Kitty. Jenny and Kitty went to their mothers house, Sandra. Subsequently, Kitty started showing symptoms of heroin overdose and she needed immediate assistance. Jenny and Sandra ignored her symptoms, as they were worried that the police would be involved in this case. Resultantly, Kitty dies due to drug overdose. Based on the facts, the issue that arises here is that, what is the possible criminal liability of Jenny, Sandra and Gary. Gary, Jenny and Sandra may be held liable for gross negligence manslaughter for Kittys death. The liability of each one of them is discussed as follows: Potential Criminal Liability of Gary: Gary was the heroin dealer and he was the one who provided Jenny and Kitty with heroin. He was aware of the fact that Kitty is a minor and that she should not be provided with the drug. However, Gary ignored the factor of considering her age and despite of that he prepared syringes for them, which the children injected into themselves in his presence. In the case of R v. Khan and Khan, the issue in question was about two appellants who supplied heroin to a child who was 15 years old in their house. The appellants left her in the flat and due to overdose of heroin; she went into coma and died. The plaintiff filed a suit against the appellants for gross negligence. The appeal was allowed because the trial Judge failed to direct the Jury on questions relating to law and that the facts of the case were sufficient to give rise to duty of care on the part of the dealer. It was further held that, where a matter comes before Jury for gross negligence the Jury should consider the following po ints: Whether the defendant had a duty of care towards the plaintiff Whether the defendant contravened the duty of care Did the breach lead to loss of life of the plaintiff? Did the breach lead to a criminal act thus amounting to gross negligence? For determining the liability of Gary, we first need to evaluate whether he owed duty of care towards Kitty or not. Ideally, dealers are not held liable for the death of people who die due to drugs overdose. However, since the decision of R v. Khan and Khan, where the mistake of Jury was identified, dealers are also held responsible for owing duty of care towards their customers. In this case, Kitty was a minor that is below the age of 18 years. Gary should have exercised his duty of care and should have refused providing heroin to a minor. However, he did not do so. Consequently, we may conclude that Gary breached his duty of care towards Kitty that ultimately led to her death. Thus, there was a causal link between the breach of duty of care and the result due to the breach of duty. Additionally, the breach of duty of care on the part of Gary made him commit a criminal act amounting to gross negligence. Thus, we may conclude on the part of Gary that he may be liable for gross neglig ence. Potential Criminal Liability of Jenny: Jenny was Kittys sister and she was elder to Kitty. Kitty was only 16 years old while Jenny was 19 years old. Jenny injected Kitty with the syringe while Kitty was shaking and was unable to take to inject herself. This is the first breach of duty of care on the part of Jenny. After they took the injection, they went to their mothers house where Kitty was showing signs of heroin overdose. However, Jenny ignored the symptoms of heroin overdose in fear of police getting involved in this case. This was the second breach of duty on the part of Jenny. In the case of, Rv. Evans, the appellant was convicted of gross negligence manslaughter along with her mother for the death of a 17 years old girl named Carly. Carly died of drug overdose. The appellant was about eight years elder to Carly. The appellant bought heroin from a drug dealer and gave the drug to Carly. Carly injected the drug, however, soon after sometime she was showing signs of drug overdose, which the appellant from her own ex perience was able to understand. Both the appellant and her mother thought of not seeking medical help in fear of getting into trouble. Resultantly, Carly died. The Judge held that the duty of care on the part of the appellant arose not from her action of assisting Carly but from providing her with heroin. The appellant created a situation so dangerous in nature and additionally failed to take action to decrease the risk of calling assistance, which could have ideally saved her. The Judge made the appellant liable for not having a familial relationship with her but for breaching her basic duty of care. Had there been any other person in place of her sister, she would still be made liable for breach of duty of care, as the basic level of care is expected out of every individual. Similarly, in the given case study as well, Jenny can be held liable for gross negligence manslaughter as she failed to exercise her duty of care towards Kitty by supplying her with heroin and secondly by not providing her appropriate medical assistance at the time when she urgently needed it. Hence, Jenny committed two breaches of duty of care, which can make her liable for gross negligence manslaughter. Hence, to make a person liable for gross negligence it is not only confined to cases to familial relationship between the plaintiff and the deceased. Nevertheless, creation of a state of issues in which the defendant should have utilised his basic duty of care however, he failed to use the duty leading to creation of circumstances that is life threatening also leads to breach of duty of care. Additionally, breach of duty of care is also committed where it is expected out of a reasonable man to take steps for prevention of a situation that may lead to death of the person. If the person fails to use this duty, he may be held liable for breach of duty. Thus, Jenny is liable for gross negligence manslaughter. Potential Criminal Liability of Sandra: Sandra was Kittys mother and after injecting themselves with syringe, they went to her house. It was at Sandras house that Kitty started showing signs of heroin overdose. Both Jenny and Sandra ignored her medical condition in fear of police case because of which Kitty died. In this case, though Sandra was not involved in providing Kitty with heroin, however, she may still be liable for gross negligence manslaughter as she ignored her child when she was in need of medical assistance. In the case of R v. Gibbins and Proctor, parents were liable due to their wretched behaviour towards their child for starving them to death. Both the husband and the wife failed to understand the consequences of starvation because of which the child died. The husband was the biological and the legal father of the child and the mother was the common law wife to feed the child. While it was the responsibility of the father to take care of his child, the mans common law wife was also held liable as she recei ved money for food from her husband. The relationship that exists between the mother and the child can give rise to a very special relationship. In a relationship that exists between mother and the child, one does not necessarily need to direct the mother about her duties towards her child. In this case, Sandra failed to exercise her duty of care towards her child. Jennys apprehension can be understood, as she was afraid of getting the police involved in this matter, however, Sandras apprehension was not making sense as she was not even part of providing drugs to Kitty. As a parent, she should have utilised her duty of care obediently by providing medical assistance to Kitty the moment she was showing symptoms of drug overdose. She should have saved the life of her daughter instead of acting wretched. Hence, Sandra can also be held liable for gross negligence manslaughter as she breached her duty of care towards her daughter. Conclusively, it may be stated that gross negligence manslaughter is one of the most common criminal acts in the United Kingdom in relation to consumption of drugs and drugs overdose. It has been noted that young people die an early death because of drug overdose and people who are convicted of gross negligence manslaughter are often parents, siblings or relatives of such people. The high level of intoxication restricts them from applying their basic duty of care and this consequently creates a problem for them in the form of conviction of gross negligence manslaughter. There is a need for creation of strict laws in the United Kingdom regarding consumption of drugs amongst young people and this will lessen conviction of gross negligence manslaughter. References: Adomako, R v (1994) HL Crump, David. "UNINTENTIONAL KILLINGS (NEGLIGENT HOMICIDE, INVOLUNTARY MANSLAUGHTER, DEPRAVED-HEART AND FELONY MURDER): SHOULD WE HAVE DIFFERENT VIEWS OF FELONY MURDER, DEPENDING ON THE GOVERNING STATUTE?."Tex. Tech L. Rev.47 (2014): 113-939. Field, Sarah, and Lucy Jones. "Is the Net of Corporate Criminal Liability under the Corporate Homicide and Corporate Manslaughter Act 2007 Expanding?."Business Law Review36.6 (2015): 216-219. Finch, Emily, and Stefan Fafinski.Law Express: Criminal Law (Revision Guide). Pearson Higher Ed, 2014. Finch, Emily, and Stefan Fafinski.Law Express: Criminal Law. Pearson Higher Ed, 2016. O'Malley, Shaun. "Corporate Manslaughter and Corporate Homicide Act 2007: Implications for healthcare providers."Journal of Management Marketing in Healthcare(2013). Prendergast, David. "Gross negligence manslaughter in Irish law."Dublin ULJ37 (2014): 267. R v Bateman19 Cr App R 8 R v Dalby(1982) 74 Cr App R 348 R v Evans[2009] 2 Cr App R 10 R v Khan and Khan [1998] EWCA Crim 971 R v Lidar [1999] R v(1883).Gibbinsand Proctor Sanders, Andrew, and Danielle Griffiths. "Following the Law or Using the Law? Decision-Making in Medical Manslaughter."Exploring the'Legal'in Socio-Legal Studies(2015): 225. Soothill, Keith, and Brian Francis. "Homicide in England and Wales."Handbook of European Homicide Research. Springer New York, 2012. 287-300. Vaughan, Jenny. "Gross negligence manslaughter and the healthcare professional."The Bulletin of the Royal College of Surgeons of England98.2 (2016): 60-62. Woodley, Mick. "Bargaining over Corporate Manslaughter-What Price a Life."J. Crim. L.77 (2013): 33. Crump, David. "UNINTENTIONAL KILLINGS (NEGLIGENT HOMICIDE, INVOLUNTARY MANSLAUGHTER, DEPRAVED-HEART AND FELONY MURDER): SHOULD WE HAVE DIFFERENT VIEWS OF FELONY MURDER, DEPENDING ON THE GOVERNING STATUTE?."Tex. Tech L. Rev.47 (2014): 113-939. O'Malley, Shaun. "Corporate Manslaughter and Corporate Homicide Act 2007: Implications for healthcare providers."Journal of Management Marketing in Healthcare(2013).

How to Prepare a Sample Essay For Leadership Program

How to Prepare a Sample Essay For Leadership ProgramWhen preparing a sample essay for leadership, the focus should be on making it effective. It is more important to write an essay than it is to write a well-written essay. It is always better to prepare a specific topic that will outline the strengths and weaknesses of the subject matter.The effectiveness of a sample essay for leadership program is based on the fact that it is the first introduction to the topic. As a matter of fact, the writer is required to be aware of every single aspect of the topic and write about them effectively. The writer is advised to write in a cursory manner.Writing a creative essay that can be effective is sometimes difficult. This is because there are many people who lack creativity and flair. One good way to start is to take a sample essay for leadership program. It is important to be aware of the content that will be used.This is also advisable to review the sample essay for leadership program before putting in writing. The writer must make sure that he or she is able to answer each question that will be posed by the actual leader. A sample essay for leadership program should not include any instances that have already been addressed. Rather, the writer should use a variety of different topics that relate to the topic that is being discussed.At times, some organizations will have a certain format to the essays that are available to their staff. While the formatting may not be exact, it is still important to remember that the general idea should be carried out. Some organizations may have a type of sentence structure that is ideal for leadership programs.Since there is much that can be done to improve the quality of a sample essay for leadership program, the writer must ensure that he or she is creative. The writer should be mindful of the goals that the speaker has set forth. This is because the writer is likely to come across situations that may seem impossible. In fact, it is important to make a focus on what the speaker actually has.Since the ability to give a good speech is a good skill that will be needed, the writer should work hard at the composition of the sample essay for leadership program. In addition, he or she must know what to say when a conference begins. As a matter of fact, it is better to learn from people who are good speakers.Those who are able to formulate their own leadership program will be the ones who will leave their mark. The best example to follow is George Washington. He was able to lead a revolution because he was one of the greatest military leaders of all time.

Parris fears Essay Example

Parris fears Paper Fear plays a big part in The Crucible. The character of Reverend Parris fears being driven from his position in the church; There is a faction that is sworn to drive from my pulpit (page 8). In the stage directions it says Reverend Parris is praying now, and, although we cannot hear his words, a sense of confusion hangs about him. This shows that he is in a state when he speaks those words and is struck with fear. Reverend Parris is not liked by his congregation because they believe he is more interested in material possessions than the words of god so he fears that his position could be lost. This was not the norm for Reverends then as religion was the most important thing to everyone at this point in time and obviously as reverend should he should be more interested in god than other material possessions. Parris shows fear again for the second time in the play when he is afraid of the consequence of dabbering with the dead. Goody Ann, it is a formidable sin to conjure up the dead! (Page 12). Parris is refusing to accept that Salem has a problem with witchcraft. Mary Warren is another character that shows fear in The Crucible. She fears hanging for not telling the truth about what happened in the woods that night. Abby, weve got to tell. Witcherys a hangin error, a hangin like they done in Boston two year ago! We must tell the truth, Abby! Youll only be whipped for dancin, and the other things! (Page 14) She really thinks she should tell the truth and is struggling to convince Abigail to do this. Here shes really panicking and fear stricken and Arthur miller portrays this well because he uses lots of exclamation marks to show her alarm and distress at what is going on and you can see how much she knows what is happening is not right. We will write a custom essay sample on Parris fears specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Parris fears specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Parris fears specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Later in the play Mary Warren shows fear again, not by what she says but how she says it. When she is questioned about the poppet she made in court, the stage directions show the reader how she fears for herself. Frightened for herself, her voice very small (Page 61) As it shows in these stage directions, she is worried she has done something wrong and the audience can see this because it says of how her voice becomes very small. In these circumstances with all the hysteria in Salem she is more worried about what she has been asked than what she normally would be and Arthur Miller shows this well in the stage directions. At the time when the play was written many people living in America felt threatened by communism and a government committee was put together to identify all communists. Arthur Miller was called to the court and was placed in nearly exactly the position John Proctor was put in during the play. Because he was in such a similar position to John Proctor, this would have helped him when writing the play because he would know exactly how to write John Proctors parts and create his character to stand for the truth, rather than forfeit others; both John and Miller remain silent. As a result of the McCarthy trials against communism in America taking place during his lifetime, Arthur Miller experienced the raw emotions firsthand. The trials were practically identical to the Salem witch trials and as Arthur Miller was experiencing them first hand this would have made writing this play a much more emotional experience. He could see how people were reacting so he could transfer these emotions into his play which made his work much more realistic. For example, good innocent people were made to become paranoid and then do anything even lie to save themselves and in the play the audience can see how he has shown this. The people who lived in the village of Salem were all puritans and believed that god would only accept them if they were pure people. These beliefs ultimately destroyed them because the people of Salem would do anything not to be found guilty. As the audience see, the power of superstition, fear and revenge can distort the truth and these were all reasons for the accusations that flew. Arthur Miller portrayed the emotions well in The Crucible by letting them shine through his characters. The play does not just show these emotions, it makes the audience feel the tension, the angst and the desperation.

Definition Essay Sample on Information Security A Problem for Large Corporations

Definition Essay Sample on Information Security A Problem for Large Corporations This essay is based on the security of data and how it can be a problem for large corporations, and what can companies do to manage their data and resources properly. Information today has become one of business worlds and societys most important resources, and managing this information has become a major challenge. It is for this reason that the security of data is very important to corporations. The strong desire to protect and control information is rooted in the notion that information has value. The value of quality in information will enable the business to make sound decisions and conversely the presence of errors will undermine the credibility and therefore the value of the information (Marschak 1968). This means corporations must be able to handle and administer information safely and securely. The security of data and information should be very important to large corporations and if it is undermined then they are more likely to be vulnerable to threats, which could result in big problems for companies. To put this into perspective, a survey taken from Bocij et al (1999), was carried out about the extent of these threats with regards to the loss of information in a 1996 Business Technology Survey by Ernst Young. This survey found that 59 % of companies surveyed had experienced a security breach. (Bocij et al, 1999: p538). It may be thought that our society in general is becoming increasingly data-unsafe! However, this is not to imply that we are all exceedingly vulnerable as considerable efforts have indeed been made in this field, and more attention is being focused here. Nevertheless, it must be bared in mind that this does not mean that the situation is in full control. As the dependence of businesses on IS increases, so does the range and severity of the threats which can arise. This can happen for a number of reasons. The first being the scale at which the business is dependent on IS, as systems increasingly operate on a national or international scale. For example, a failure in a banks computer centre can put all its automated teller machines offline. A second reason is the speed of IS in an advanced technological environment. For instance previously, before computer-based information system, it may take for fire, flood or malicious damage to destroy records. Large computer files, on the other hand, can de deleted or corrupted electronically in matter of seconds. Similarly, unauthorised transmission or copying of data can be carried out almost instantaneously. Another reason is technical innovation. New technology changes all the ground-rules, and many employees may not understand them well. Previously, it was reasonable to rely, to a large extent on employeesÐ ±Ã ¿ good sense (for example, in not leaving filing cabinets unlocked). With IT-based systems, they may not even realise that they are taking unacceptable risks. On the other hand, at the opposite end of the skills spectrum, there are highly talented technicians who regard it as a challenge to invade and disrupt systems. They can conduct their attacks from the other parts of a network-without needing to go anywhere near the premises they are attacking. The fourth reason that may increase the range and severity of threats on IS could be hidden causes. For example, sometimes it is difficult to trace back to cause of a problem in complex systems. For example, on 1 Jan 1985, customers trying to use the cash machines of two major clearing banks, which normally accepted each othersÐ ±Ã ¿ cards, found themselves getting unpredictable results. The problem was eventually traced to erroneous updating of the magnetic strips on the cards by one of the banks. It seems that some of the bankÐ ±Ã ¿s software had failed to recognise that 1984 was a leap year, and entered date information on the cards, which then confused other parts of the system. (Hawker, 2000: p18). The security of data can be a big problem for large corporation as, defining the contents of an international information security policy as an associated set of security controls is one problem, however to enforce them may be an even bigger one (Solms,1999). Also another problem that large corporations may face is remaining competitive and having a long-term future ahead with a lack of security of data. Solms states that if an organisation is found secure enough by others, it will be welcomed to join, if not it may be excluded and left in the cold. This discussion proves that in the era of electronic commerce, proper information protection and proof of it may be demanded among business partners. Data and information security can result in a big problem for large corporations if security policies are not implemented in the correct manner. It is very important that firms recognise this, as it may well prove far more expensive not to invest in security measures than the measures themselves would have cost. Increased security means increased possibilities of safe guarding a companys assets, through reducing or eliminating the danger of financial loss. As a result of this companies need to manage their data and resources properly. Information technology does not only bring the benefits of better ways of storage and accessibility of data but with it comes the managerial responsibility, which is control of files and resources. There two major management responsibilities that companies need to manoeuvre in order to control their information so that their data is secure and they can make the most out of the resources they have invested in. These measures and responsibilities are physical and procedural. Under each of these, there are several components that make up these controls. Firstly, physical protection is an important control. Physical barriers are aimed at protecting equipment, accessories against theft and unauthorised access, and so that sources of possible damage are eliminated. If access to rooms with equipment were restricted, the risk of theft and vandalism may be reduced. A second control that could be used by some firms is biometric controls. These controls make use of the unique characteristics of individuals in order to restrict access to sensitive information or equipment. The technique has scanners that check on fingerprints, voiceprints and retinal patterns. Until recently this technique was not accessible to many organisations, partly because of the cost involved and secondly because companies used to have doubts about the accuracy of the technique. Both of these concerns have been addressed and been solved by technological advances in software and hardware. An example of companies that could use this type of control to increase security and manage their resources properly is banks and more specifically their ATMs where customers are able identify customers by fingerprints or retinal patterns. Thirdly procedure controls are also very important to take into consideration. Procedural controls include controls such as data security controls, failure controls, and auditing and security policy. Data security controls help to identify and verify the users. For instance system software can be used so that passwords are assigned to only authorised individuals. No one can log on to the system without a valid password, furthermore additional sets of passwords and security restrictions can be developed for specific systems and applications. Laudon Laudon (2001) give an example, that data security software can limit access to specific files, such as the files for the accounts receivable system. It can restrict the type of access so that only individuals authorized to update these specific files will have the ability to do so. All others will only be able to read the files or will be denied access altogether. Another procedural control is failure controls. These controls are necessary especially in large corporations, to avoid damage caused by failure of an information system. The techniques of failure control are regular back-ups of data and recovery procedure. For example, everyday transactions in a bank such as deposit, and withdrawals are stored on a daily basis as backup. Another recovery procedure which is important to companies is having a disaster recovery or contingency plan which is a strategy concerned with ensuring that a disaster of a information system is restored as quickly as possible, with little disruption to the organisation as possible. Auditing could be another way in which companies may protect information systems against security breaches. Auditing involves making physical checks of hardware, software and data at regular intervals. Audits can be carried out automatically for software and data with an appropriate program. Auditing software works by scanning the hard disk drives of any computers, terminals and servers attached to a network system. As each hard disk is scanned, the names of any programs found are added to a log. This log is then compared to a list of the programs that are owned by the company. The log gives information as to where to find the program. It is then simple to determine the location of any unauthorised programs. In many organisations auditing programs are also used to keep track of software licences, which allow companies to ensure that they are operating within the terms of their licence agreement. Other types of controls that may help companies to manage their resources properly are legal controls. Legal controls exist to prevent security breaches. Computer Misuse Act (1990), covers unauthorised access to information systems. Unauthorised access to information systems is referred to as hacking, and any breach of security by a third party invokes this Act for which the culprit may be prosecuted. Another legal protection, which companies need to comply with, is the Data Protection (1984). This Act is mainly intended to cover the individuals rights to view the information the company holds about them. For companies this is a strong message that only factual information should be held and the information should be relevant. In addition and also very important the Act restricts disclosure of information about the files a company holds about individuals to third parties. Special rules apply to this clause and it is the companyÐ ±Ã ¿s responsibility to ensure that these are followed. For example a finance company may request the account holder to set up a passed for a spouse to discuss general information but the liability lies with the company should the information get into the wrong hands resulting in fraud. Formal Security Policy is another way in which companies can protect their data. Companies are now required by law to make existing and new employees sign a security policy. This is a benefit to both the company and the employee if the policy is explained. The security policy document would include things such as what the company considers to be acceptable use of the information system, what is considered unacceptable use, disciplinary action for non-compliance and details of the controls in place. However it important that management support is essentially there to ensure that employees follow the guidelines contained in this policy. An article from the Financial Times (1998) in Bocij et al, hinted that many fraudsters rely on human behaviour rather than technology. A senior manager of a UK based company; Forensic Investigations stresses the importance of the IT department in keeping abreast with the latest developments and maintaining regular security revisions across the organisation. Another example is an UK based company, Priority Data Group (PDG), whose clients include Citibank, computer services company EDS and General Motors has developed a system that automatically blanks a PC screen when the user is away from it and then is reactivated by a password. Also, US based company Finjan has developed a program called Surflinshield Corporate, to protect computers against rogue programs attached to Active X or Java created programs. Surfinshield monitors the behaviour of the downloaded program and if attempts to breach computer security system are found, the program is eliminated. These are all examples of how companies manage their data and resources properly. Increased security means increased possibilities of safeguarding a companys assets, through reducing or indeed eliminating the danger of financial loss. Investment in relevant and suitable security measures can prevent damage to EDP equipment, technical installations and premises, reduce the chances of information being tampered with and fraud being attempted, ensures reliable data processing by seeing to it that errors, inaccuracies, mishaps and omissions are deleted more easily or prevented, and ensure that the situation is revised as soon as possible, should anything happen. All this means that it may well prove far more expensive not to invest in security measures than the measures themselves would have cost. In fact investing in data security should be considered a form of insurance. On the other hand, in themselves security measures can never be a foolproof guarantee against damage and accidents. They will have to harmonize with the companyÐ ±Ã ¿s overall profile and atmosphere. Both staff and management must have an active, positive attitude towards the security aspect. Such an attitude will in itself have a preventive effect. In working to improve security, it is important to realize that even the most comprehensive measures can never manage to remove each and every possible risk involved in using new technology. Moreover, maintaining a very high level of security is a costly affair. In conclusion, then, a certain degree of risk will have to be accepted, and not every irregularity should be seen as a major problem. Here is a list of possible essay topics on information: The Impact of Information Systems Management for Organisation Operation Freedom of Information Does Information Want To Be Free? Information Literacy Advancements in Information Technology The Impact of IT on Information Services, with special reference to India Data and Information Security Use of Information Technology in Business Information is power Piaget vs. Information Processing Information Warfare The Role of Information Systems in Business Value Chains